机器谱

如何使用Bigfish扩展板

作者:机器谱

图文展示3264(1)(1)

图文展示3264(1)(1)

副标题

概述
输入输出端口
8×8Led点阵
2.特点

   ·  完全兼容Arduino控制板标准接口

   · 彩色分组插针,一目了然

   · 全部铜制插针,用料考究,电器性能稳定

   · 优秀PCB设计,美观大方

   · 多种特殊接口设计,兼容所有探索者电子模块,使用方便

   · 所有3P、4P接口采用防反插设计,避免电子模块间连线造成的误操作

   · 板载舵机接口、直流电机驱动芯片、MAX7219LED驱动芯片,可直接驱动舵机、直流电机、数码管等机器人常规执行部件,无需外围电路

   · 具有5V、3.3V及vin 3种电源接口,便于为各类扩展模块供电


3.参数

   · 4针防反插接口供电5V

   · 舵机接口使用3A的稳压芯片LM1085ADJ,为舵机提供6v额定电压

   · 8*8LED点阵模块采用MAX7219驱动芯片

   · 板载两片直流电机驱动芯片L9170,支持3V~15V的vin电压,可驱动两个直流电机。

   · 2个2*5的杜邦座扩展坞,方便无线模块、OLED、蓝牙等扩展模块直插连接,无需额外接线


4.注意事项

      D11\D12舵机端口与LED点阵复用,请注意避免同时使用。

      背面两侧的跳线分别作用于两侧的红色接口(通常采用5V,接传感器)或白色接口(通常采用6V,接舵机),使用前请检查背面跳线设置是否与器件电压相符。


5.实物图片与接口

1.简介

Arduino是开源的控制板,非常适合爱好电子制作的朋友制作互动作品,但对于一些不熟悉电子技术的爱好者,要在Arduino控制板上添加电路是一个比较麻烦的事,所以我们设计了一个专用于简单机器人的扩展板——BigFish,能将大部分传感器轻松地和Arduino控制板连接。

     通过BigFish扩展板连接的电路可靠稳定,上面还扩展了伺服电机接口、8*8Led点阵、直流电机驱动以及一个通用扩展接口,可以说是Arduino控制板的必备配件。

序号

内容
1

Bigfish2.1电路图原理图等

2

Basra&Bigfish检测程序源代码


7.资料下载

6.与控制板堆叠连接
概述
文件下载
【整体打包】-【U007】如何使用Bigfish扩展板-1.概述-资料附件.zip
1.97MB下载177次下载
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1.  传感器口- 数字量(Digital)输入

     按下图示意将TTL型传感器连接到BigFish扩展板的红色传感器端口上。

     打开“文件-示例-02.Digital-Button”,弹出Button例程窗口

/*

  Button

  Turns on and off a light emitting diode(LED) connected to digital pin 13,

  when pressing a pushbutton attached to pin 2.

  The circuit:

  - LED attached from pin 13 to ground through 220 ohm resistor

  - pushbutton attached to pin 2 from +5V

  - 10K resistor attached to pin 2 from ground

  - Note: on most Arduinos there is already an LED on the board

    attached to pin 13.

  created 2005

  by DojoDave <http://www.0j0.org>

  modified 30 Aug 2011

  by Tom Igoe

  This example code is in the public domain.

  https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples/Button

*/

// constants won't change. They're used here to set pin numbers:

const int buttonPin = 2;      // the number of the pushbutton pin

const int ledPin =   13;      // the number of the LED pin

// variables will change:

int buttonState = 0;         // variable for reading the pushbutton status

void setup() {

  // initialize the LED pin as an output:

  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

  // initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:

  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);

}

void loop() {

  // read the state of the pushbutton value:

  buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);

  // check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH:

  if (buttonState == HIGH) {

    // turn LED on:

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

  } else {

    // turn LED off:

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

  }

}

      上述例程默认代码中,第一行const int buttonPin = 2语句,参数2表示传感器安装在D2端口。而实际上,我们将传感器连在了BigFish的左上接口。这个左上接口的端口号为A0和A1。而所有的探索者TTL触发型传感器都使用的紧挨VCC的引脚作为信号端口,因此,BigFish的这个接口的端口号应为A0。修改第一行代码为:const int buttonPin = A0

       在buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin)语句中,digitalRead表示读取端口的电平状态,如果是高电平则返回HIGH,如果是低电平则返回LOW。而所有的探索者TTL触发型传感器在非触发状态时端口电平为HIGH,触发状态时端口电平为LOW。因此这个语句表示,传感器没有触发时LED指示灯常亮,触发时熄灭。

      修改buttonPin的参数后,将程序上传到控制板中,观察Basra控制板上D13 Led灯的随传感器的触发状态的变化。

2. 传感器口 - 模拟量(Analog )输入

      按下图示意将一个可以读取模拟量的传感器,如摇杆模块,连接到BigFish扩展板的传感器端口上。

打开“文件→示例→03.Analog→AnalogInOutSerial”,弹出例程窗口

/*

   Analog input, analog output, serial output

   Reads an analog input pin, maps the result to a range from 0 to 255 and uses

   the result to set the pulse width modulation (PWM) of an output pin.

   Also prints the results to the Serial Monitor.

   The circuit:

   - potentiometer connected to analog pin 0.

    Center pin of the potentiometer goes to the analog pin.

    side pins of the potentiometer go to +5V and ground

   - LED connected from digital pin 9 to ground through 220 ohm resistor

   created 29 Dec. 2008

   modified 9 Apr 2012

   by Tom Igoe

   This example code is in the public domain.

   https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples/AnalogInOutSerial

*/

// These constants won't change. They're used to give names to the pins used:

const int analogInPin = A0;   // Analog input pin that the potentiometer is attached to

const int analogOutPin = 9; // Analog output pin that the LED is attached to

int sensorValue = 0;        // value read from the pot

int outputValue = 0;        // value output to the PWM (analog out)

void setup() {

   // initialize serial communications at 9600 bps:

   Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

   // read the analog in value:

   sensorValue = analogRead(analogInPin);

   // map it to the range of the analog out:

   outputValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255);

   // change the analog out value:

   analogWrite(analogOutPin, outputValue);

   // print the results to the Serial Monitor:

   Serial.print("sensor = ");

   Serial.print(sensorValue);

   Serial.print("\t output = ");

   Serial.println(outputValue);

   // wait 2 milliseconds before the next loop for the analog-to-digital

   // converter to settle after the last reading:

   delay(2);

}

将程序上传到控制板中,打开串口监视器,左右摇动摇杆,观察显示的内容,如下图所示:

可以再试着将一个直流电机连接到D9/D10的直流电机接口,观察电机的转动速度和摇杆位置的关系。

3. Motor - 直流电机接口

按下图示意将直流电机连接到BigFish扩展板的直流电机接口上。

打开“文件→示例→03.Analog→Fading”,弹出例程窗口

/*

   Fading

   This example shows how to fade an LED using the analogWrite() function.

   The circuit:

   - LED attached from digital pin 9 to ground through 220 ohm resistor.

   created 1 Nov 2008

   by David A. Mellis

   modified 30 Aug 2011

   by Tom Igoe

   This example code is in the public domain.

   https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples/Fading

*/

int ledPin = 9;    // LED connected to digital pin 9

void setup() {

   // nothing happens in setup

}

void loop() {

   // fade in from min to max in increments of 5 points:

   for (int fadeValue = 0 ; fadeValue <= 255; fadeValue += 5) {

    // sets the value (range from 0 to 255):

    analogWrite(ledPin, fadeValue);

    // wait for 30 milliseconds to see the dimming effect

    delay(30);

   }

   // fade out from max to min in increments of 5 points:

   for (int fadeValue = 255 ; fadeValue >= 0; fadeValue -= 5) {

    // sets the value (range from 0 to 255):

    analogWrite(ledPin, fadeValue);

    // wait for 30 milliseconds to see the dimming effect

    delay(30);

   }

}

这个例程的内容是控制连接在D9端口的LED实现一个呼吸灯的效果,原理是通过analogWrite语句给D9赋予不同的电压输出值来实现。这个原理和控制电机调速完全一样。

将程序uploading到控制板中,观察电机的转动速度的变化。

更多关于驱动直流电机的知识,请参考:【U001】如何驱动直流有刷电机(https://www.robotway.com/col.jsp?id=119)。

4. Servo - 舵机接口

按下图示意将舵机连接到BigFish扩展板的舵机接口上,注意舵机连接线的黑线与GND端口相连。

打开“File→Examples→Servo→Sweep”,弹出例程窗口,将舵机端口从9修改为4。将程序上传到控制板中,观察舵机的转动变化。

/* Sweep

by BARRAGAN <http://barraganstudio.com>

This example code is in the public domain.


modified 8 Nov 2013

by Scott Fitzgerald

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LibraryExamples/Sweep

*/


#include <Servo.h>


Servo myservo;   // create servo object to control a servo

// twelve servo objects can be created on most boards


int pos = 0;    // variable to store the servo position


void setup() {

  myservo.attach(9);   // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object

}


void loop() {

  for (pos = 0; pos <= 180; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees

    // in steps of 1 degree

    myservo.write(pos);              // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

    delay(15);                       // waits 15 ms for the servo to reach the position

  }

  for (pos = 180; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees

    myservo.write(pos);              // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

    delay(15);                       // waits 15 ms for the servo to reach the position

  }

}


更多关于驱动舵机的知识,请参考:【U002】如何驱动模拟舵机。

输入输出端口

1. 安装LED扩展库

     只要安装了LED扩展库,就可以很方便的编程控制8×8LED点阵了。

     将LED扩展库..\8×8LED点阵扩展库\libraries\LedControl拷贝到Arduino的libraries中。启动Arduino IDE, 可以发现,在示例中增加了LedControl的例程,打开“文件→示例→LedControl→LCDemoMatrix”,将例程上传到控制板中,观察Led点阵上显示的内容,理解它们和代码的对应关系。

#include "LedControl.h"


/*

Now we need a LedControl to work with.

***** These pin numbers will probably not work with your hardware *****

pin 12 is connected to the DataIn

pin 11 is connected to the CLK

pin 10 is connected to LOAD

We have only a single MAX72XX.

*/

LedControl lc=LedControl(12,11,13,1);


/* we always wait a bit between updates of the display */

unsigned long delaytime=100;

unsigned long delaytime1=2000;

void setup() {

  /*

   The MAX72XX is in power-saving mode on startup,

   we have to do a wakeup call

   */

  lc.shutdown(0,false);

  /* Set the brightness to a medium values */

  lc.setIntensity(0,8);

  /* and clear the display */

  lc.clearDisplay(0);

}


/*

This method will display the characters for the

word "Arduino" one after the other on the matrix.

(you need at least 5x7 leds to see the whole chars)

*/

void value_8(byte value [])

{

  for(int i=0;i<8;i++)

  {

      lc.setRow(0,i,value[i]);

  }

}


void writeArduinoOnMatrix() {

  /* here is the data for the characters */

  byte a[8]={0x18,0x24,0x66,0x66,0x7E,0x66,0x66,0x66};

  byte r[8]={0x60,0x63,0x66,0x6C,0x78,0x70,0x60,0x60};

  byte d[8]={0x78,0x7C,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7C,0x78};

  byte u[8]={0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7E,0x3C};

  byte i[8]={0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18};

  byte n[8]={0x00,0x3C,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66};

  byte o[8]={0x3C,0x7E,0xC3,0xC3,0xC3,0xC3,0x7E,0x3C};


  /* now display them one by one with a small delay */

  value_8(a);  

  delay(delaytime1);

  lc.clearDisplay(0);


  value_8(r);  

  delay(delaytime1);

  lc.clearDisplay(0);



  value_8(d);

  delay(delaytime1);

  lc.clearDisplay(0);


  value_8(u);

  delay(delaytime1);

  lc.clearDisplay(0);


  value_8(i);

  delay(delaytime1);

  lc.clearDisplay(0);


  value_8(n);

  delay(delaytime1);

  lc.clearDisplay(0);


  value_8(o);

  delay(delaytime1);

  lc.clearDisplay(0);


  lc.setRow(0,0,0);

  lc.setRow(0,1,0);

  lc.setRow(0,2,0);

  lc.setRow(0,3,0);

  lc.setRow(0,4,0);

  delay(delaytime);

}


/*

  This function lights up a some Leds in a row.

The pattern will be repeated on every row.

The pattern will blink along with the row-number.

row number 4 (index==3) will blink 4 times etc.

*/

void rows() {

  for(int row=0;row<8;row++)

  {

    delay(delaytime);

    lc.setRow(0,row,B10100000);

    delay(delaytime);

    lc.setRow(0,row,(byte)0);

    for(int i=0;i<row;i++)

    {

      delay(delaytime);

      lc.setRow(0,row,B10100000);

      delay(delaytime);

      lc.setRow(0,row,(byte)0);

    }

  }

}


/*

  This function lights up a some Leds in a column.

The pattern will be repeated on every column.

The pattern will blink along with the column-number.

column number 4 (index==3) will blink 4 times etc.

*/

void columns() {

  for(int col=0;col<8;col++) {

    delay(delaytime);

    lc.setColumn(0,col,B10100000);

    delay(delaytime);

    lc.setColumn(0,col,(byte)0);

    for(int i=0;i<col;i++) {

      delay(delaytime);

      lc.setColumn(0,col,B10100000);

      delay(delaytime);

      lc.setColumn(0,col,(byte)0);

    }

  }

}


/*

This function will light up every Led on the matrix.

The led will blink along with the row-number.

row number 4 (index==3) will blink 4 times etc.

*/

void single() {

  for(int row=0;row<8;row++) {

    for(int col=0;col<8;col++) {

      delay(delaytime);

      lc.setLed(0,row,col,true);

      delay(delaytime);

      for(int i=0;i<col;i++) {

        lc.setLed(0,row,col,false);

        delay(delaytime);

        lc.setLed(0,row,col,true);

        delay(delaytime);

      }

    }

  }

}


void loop() {

  writeArduinoOnMatrix();

  rows();

  columns();

  single();

}

这个例程的效果如下列动图所示:

2. 显示笑脸

    这段代码将会在点阵上显示一个笑脸。

    我们可以利用字库软件模拟出需要亮/灭的点,自动生成LED阵列对应的ASM二进制编码,写到代码里。

将显示笑脸的例程smile.ino上传到控制板。

#include "LedControl.h"


LedControl lc=LedControl(12,11,13,1);


void setup()

{

  lc.shutdown(0,false);

  lc.setIntensity(0,8);

  lc.clearDisplay(0);


  lc.setRow(0,0,0xff);

  lc.setRow(0,1,B10000001);

  lc.setRow(0,2,B10100101);

  lc.setRow(0,3,B10000001);

  lc.setRow(0,4,B11000011);

  lc.setRow(0,5,B10100101);

  lc.setRow(0,6,B10011001);

  lc.setRow(0,7,0xff);

}



void loop()

{


}

显示效果如下:

使用熟练后,我们甚至可以使用点阵做动画,或者配合按钮、摇杆等模块制作小游戏。


3. 资料清单

序号

内容
1点阵原理图
2函数库
3例程
4

字库软件


8x8Led点阵
文件下载
【整体打包】-【U007】如何使用Bigfish扩展板-8×8LED点阵-资料附件.zip
311.97KB下载22次下载
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