机器谱

R323】6自由度串联机械臂

作者:机器谱

图文展示3264(1)

图文展示3264(1)

副标题

电磁铁搬运

电磁铁搬运

1. 功能描述

    R323样机是一款拥有6自由度的串联机械臂。本文提供的示例所实现的功能为:在6自由度串联机械臂样机上安装电磁铁,底座上安装 近红外传感器 ,当检测到有物品时,实现机械臂电磁铁搬运物品的功能。

2. 电子硬件

    在这个示例中,我们采用了以下硬件,请大家参考:

主控板Basra(兼容Arduino Uno)
扩展板Bigfish2.1
舵机

270°伺服电机、标准舵机

传感器近红外传感器
电池7.4V锂电池
其它电磁铁、USB线


/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  版权说明:Copyright 2023 Robottime(Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

           Distributed under MIT license.See file LICENSE for detail or copy at

           https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

           by 机器谱 2023-02-07 https://www.robotway.com/

  ------------------------------*/

//

#define EYEINIT 174

#define HEADINIT 90

#define NECKINIT 124

#define UPBODYINIT 72

#define DOWNBODYINIT 100

#define FOOTINIT 88


#define EYE0 130

#define HEAD0 90

#define NECK0 170

#define UPBODY0 160

#define DOWNBODY0 79

#define FOOT0 36


#define EYE1 130

#define HEAD1 90

#define NECK1 170

#define UPBODY1 160

#define DOWNBODY1 80

#define FOOT1 130


#include<Wire.h>

#include <Servo.h>                                           

#define PIN_SERVO_EYE 4                                        //定义各个舵机所对应的端口;

#define PIN_SERVO_HEAD 7

#define PIN_SERVO_NECK   11

#define PIN_SERVO_UPBODY   3

#define PIN_SERVO_DOWNBODY 8

#define PIN_SERVO_FOOT 12



#define OPERATE_TIME 3000


#define SERVO_EYE 0                                        //定义各个舵机所对应的端口;

#define SERVO_HEAD 1

#define SERVO_NECK   2

#define SERVO_UPBODY   3

#define SERVO_DOWNBODY 4

#define SERVO_FOOT 5


int servoPin[6] = {PIN_SERVO_EYE, PIN_SERVO_HEAD, PIN_SERVO_NECK, PIN_SERVO_UPBODY,PIN_SERVO_DOWNBODY,PIN_SERVO_FOOT};

Servo myServo[6];



void setup() {

  // put your setup code here, to run once:

  delay(1000);

  Serial.begin(9600);

  resetArm();

}


void loop() {

  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:


    resetArm(); //机械臂复位

    getCube();   //机械臂开始抓取货物

    putCube();   //机械臂开始释放货物

    delay(2000);//等待2秒

}



void resetArm(){   //舵机复位函数;

    for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++)

        myServo[i].attach(servoPin[i]);

        myServo[SERVO_EYE].write(EYEINIT);

        myServo[SERVO_HEAD].write(HEADINIT);

        myServo[SERVO_NECK].write(NECKINIT);

        myServo[SERVO_UPBODY].write(UPBODYINIT);

        myServo[SERVO_DOWNBODY].write(DOWNBODYINIT);

        myServo[SERVO_FOOT].write(FOOTINIT);

        delay(1500);

}


void getCube(){   //抓取物料动作序列函数;


    ServoMove(SERVO_FOOT, FOOTINIT, FOOT0, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_UPBODY, UPBODYINIT,UPBODY0, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_HEAD, HEADINIT, HEAD0, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_NECK, NECKINIT, NECK0, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_EYE, EYEINIT, EYE0, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_DOWNBODY, DOWNBODYINIT, DOWNBODY0, OPERATE_TIME);


    ServoMove(SERVO_HEAD, HEAD0, HEADINIT, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_UPBODY, UPBODY0, UPBODYINIT, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_EYE,   EYE0, EYEINIT, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_NECK, NECK0, NECKINIT, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_DOWNBODY, DOWNBODY0, DOWNBODYINIT, OPERATE_TIME);

}



void putCube()     //机械臂开始释放货物

{

    ServoMove(SERVO_FOOT, FOOT0, FOOT1 , OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_HEAD, HEADINIT, HEAD1, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_NECK, NECKINIT, NECK1, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_UPBODY, UPBODYINIT,UPBODY1, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_EYE, EYEINIT, EYE1, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_DOWNBODY, DOWNBODYINIT, DOWNBODY1, OPERATE_TIME);  


    ServoMove(SERVO_HEAD, HEAD1, HEADINIT, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_UPBODY, UPBODY1, UPBODYINIT, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_EYE,   EYE1, EYEINIT, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_NECK, NECK1, NECKINIT, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_DOWNBODY, DOWNBODY1, DOWNBODYINIT, OPERATE_TIME);

    ServoMove(SERVO_FOOT, FOOT1, FOOTINIT , OPERATE_TIME);         

}



void ServoMove(int which, int _start, int _finish, long t)   //舵机动作函数:它有四个参数,舵机号,初始角度,目标角度,动作时间;

{

    static int direct;

    static int diff;

    static long deltaTime;

    if(_start <= _finish)

      direct = 1;

    else

      direct = -1;

    diff = abs(_finish - _start);

    deltaTime = (long) (t / 180);

   

    for(int i = 0; i < diff; i++){

        myServo[which].write(_start + i * direct);

        Serial.println(_start + i * direct);

        delay(deltaTime);

    }

}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  版权说明:Copyright 2023 Robottime(Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

           Distributed under MIT license.See file LICENSE for detail or copy at

           https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

           by 机器谱 2023-01-31 https://www.robotway.com/

  ------------------------------

/*

* Bigfish扩展板舵机口; 4, 7, 11, 3, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

* 使用软件调节舵机时请拖拽对应序号的控制块

*/

#include <Servo.h>


#define ANGLE_VALUE_MIN 0

#define ANGLE_VALUE_MAX 180

#define PWM_VALUE_MIN 500

#define PWM_VALUE_MAX 2500


#define SERVO_NUM 12


Servo myServo[SERVO_NUM];


int data_array[2] = {0,0};   //servo_pin: data_array[0], servo_value: data_array[1];

int servo_port[SERVO_NUM] = {4, 7, 11, 3, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19};

int servo_value[SERVO_NUM] = {};


String data = "";


boolean dataComplete = false;


void setup() {

  Serial.begin(9600);

 

}


void loop() {

 

  while(Serial.available())

  {

    int B_flag, P_flag, T_flag;

    data = Serial.readStringUntil('\n');

    data.trim();

    for(int i=0;i<data.length();i++)

    {

      //Serial.println(data[i]);

      switch(data[i])

      {

        case '#':

          B_flag = i;  

        break;

        case 'P':

        {

          String pin = "";

          P_flag = i;

          for(int i=B_flag+1;i<P_flag;i++)

          {

            pin+=data[i];

          }

          data_array[0] = pin.toInt();

        }

        break;

        case 'T':

        {

          String angle = "";

          T_flag = i;

          for(int i=P_flag+1;i<T_flag;i++)

          {

            angle += data[i];

          }

          data_array[1] = angle.toInt();

          servo_value[pin2index(data_array[0])] = data_array[1];

        }

        break;

        default: break;

      }     

    }

   

    /*

    Serial.println(B_flag);

    Serial.println(P_flag);

    Serial.println(T_flag);

   

    for(int i=0;i<2;i++)

    {

      Serial.println(data_array[i]);

    }

    */

   

    dataComplete = true;

  }

 

  if(dataComplete)

  {

    for(int i=0;i<SERVO_NUM;i++)

    {

      ServoGo(i, servo_value[i]);

      /*********************************串口查看输出***********************************/

//      Serial.print(servo_value[i]);

//      Serial.print(" ");

    }

//    Serial.println();

      /*********************************++++++++++++***********************************/


    dataComplete = false;

  }

 


}


void ServoStart(int which){

  if(!myServo[which].attached() && (servo_value[which] != 0))myServo[which].attach(servo_port[which]);

      else return;

  pinMode(servo_port[which], OUTPUT);

}


void ServoStop(int which){

  myServo[which].detach();

  digitalWrite(servo_port[which],LOW);

}


void ServoGo(int which , int where){

  ServoStart(which);

  if(where >= ANGLE_VALUE_MIN && where <= ANGLE_VALUE_MAX)

  {

    myServo[which].write(where);

  }

  else if(where >= PWM_VALUE_MIN && where <= PWM_VALUE_MAX)

  {

    myServo[which].writeMicroseconds(where);

  }

}


int pin2index(int _pin){

  int index;

  switch(_pin)

  {

    case 4: index = 0; break;

    case 7: index = 1; break;

    case 11: index = 2; break;

    case 3: index = 3; break;

    case 8: index = 4; break;

    case 12: index = 5; break;

    case 14: index = 6; break;

    case 15: index = 7; break;

    case 16: index = 8; break;

    case 17: index = 9; break;

    case 18: index = 10; break;

    case 19: index = 11; break;

  }

  return index;

}

电路连接说明:

270°伺服电机分别连接Bigfish展板D4D7D11D3、D8、D12接口上

② 2个近红外传感器分别连接在A0A4接口上

电磁铁连接Bigfish展板D9,D10接口上

3. 功能实现

上位机:Controller 1.0

下位机编程环境:Arduino 1.8.19

3.1初始位置的设定

① 将Controller下位机程序servo_bigfish.ino直接下载到主控板。这段代码供Controller上位机与主控板通信,并允许调试舵机。代码如下:

下载完成后,保持主控板和电脑的USB连接,以便利用上位机进行调试。

② 双击打开Controller 1.0b.exe:

③ 界面左上角选择:设置-面板设置,弹出需要显示的调试块,可通过勾选隐藏不需要调试的舵机块:联机-选择主控板对应端口号以及波特率。

④ 拖动进度条,可以观察相应的舵机角度转动。写好对应的舵机调试角度,勾选左下角添加-转化,获得舵机调试的数组:

⑤ 将该数组直接复制到相应的arduino软件的程序中进行使用。

3.2调试好角度后将电磁铁搬运例程(jixieshoubi.ino)下载到主控板:

4. 资料清单

序号

内容
1

R323-电磁铁搬运-程序源代码

2
R323-电磁铁搬运-样机3D文件
3
Controller1.0b资料包


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【整体打包】-【R323】6自由度串联机械臂-电磁铁搬运-资料附件.zip
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